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Titre : Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Keith Johnson, Auteur Editeur : USA : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2012 Importance : 222 p. Format : 24.7 x 14.5 x 1.2 cm. (0.36 kg) ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4051-9466-2 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Fully revised and expanded, the third edition of Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics maintains a balance of accessibility and scholarly rigor to provide students with a complete introduction to the physics of speech. * Newly updated to reflect the latest advances in the field * Features a balanced and student-friendly approach to speech, with engaging side-bars on related topics * Includes suggested readings and exercises designed to review and expand upon the material in each chapter, complete with selected answers * Presents a new chapter on speech perception that addresses theoretical issues as well as practical concerns. Note de contenu : Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments viii Introduction 1 Part I Fundamentals 5 1 Basic Acoustics and Acoustic Filters 7 1.1 The Sensation of Sound 7 1.2 The Propagation of Sound 8 1.3 Types of Sounds 11 1.3.1 Simple periodic waves 11 1.3.2 Complex periodic waves 12 1.3.3 Aperiodic waves 17 1.4 Acoustic Filters 19 Recommended Reading 22 Exercises 23 2 The Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: Deriving Schwa 25 2.1 Voicing 25 2.2 Voicing Quanta 28 2.3 Vocal Tract Filtering 30 2.4 Pendulums, Standing Waves, and Vowel Formants 32 2.5 Discovering Nodes and Antinodes in an Acoustic Tube 45 Recommended Reading 47 Exercises 48 3 Digital Signal Processing 49 3.1 Continuous versus Discrete Signals 49 3.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 50 3.2.1 Sampling 51 3.2.2 Quantization 55 3.3 Signal Analysis Methods 59 3.3.1 RMS amplitude 59 3.3.2 Fast Fourier transform (FFT) 60 3.3.3 Auto-correlation pitch tracking 64 3.3.4 Digital filters 68 3.3.5 Linear predictive coding (LPC) 71 3.3.6 Spectra and spectrograms 77 Recommended Reading 79 Exercises 80 4 Basic Audition 82 4.1 Anatomy of the Peripheral Auditory System 82 4.2 The Auditory Sensation of Loudness 83 4.3 Frequency Response of the Auditory System 88 4.4 Saturation and Masking 90 4.5 Auditory Representations 93 Rcommended Reading 97 Exercises 98 5 Speech Perception 100 5.1 Auditory Ability Shapes Speech Perception 101 5.2 Phonetic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception 104 5.2.1 Categorical perception 104 5.2.2 Phonetic coherence 109 5.3 Linguistic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception 112 5.4 Perceptual Similarity 115 5.4.1 Maps from distances 116 5.4.2 The perceptual map of fricatives 119 Recommended Reading 124 Exercises 126 Part II Speech Analysis 129 6 Vowels 131 6.1 Tube Models of Vowel Production 131 6.2 Perturbation Theory 137 6.3 "Preferred" Vowels Quantal Theory and Adaptive Dispersion 141 6.4 Vowel Formants and the Acoustic Vowel Space 142 6.5 Auditory and Acoustic Representations of Vowels 144 6.6 Cross-linguistic Vowel Perception 146 Recommended Reading 149 Exercises 150 7 Fricatives 152 7.1 Turbulence 152 7.2 Place of Articulation in Fricatives 157 7.3 Quantal Theory and Fricatives 159 7.4 Fricative Auditory Spectra 162 7.5 Dimensions of Fricative Perception 165 Recommended Reading 166 Exercises 167 8 Stops and Affricates 169 8.1 Source Functions For Stops and Affricates 170 8.1.1 Phonation types 170 8.1.2 Sound sources in stops and affricates 172 8.2 Vocal Tract Filter Functions in Stops 176 8.3 Affricates 179 8.4 Auditory Properties of Stops 180 8.5 Stop Perception in Different Vowel Contexts 182 Recommended Reading 183 Exercises 184 9 Nasals and Laterals 185 9.1 Bandwidth 185 9.2 Nasal Stops 187 9.3 Laterals 196 9.4 Nasalization 198 9.5 Nasal Consonant Perception 202 Recommended Reading 204 Exercises 205 References 206 Answers to Selected Short-answer Questions 212 Index 218.Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics [texte imprimé] / Keith Johnson, Auteur . - USA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012 . - 222 p. ; 24.7 x 14.5 x 1.2 cm. (0.36 kg).
ISBN : 978-1-4051-9466-2
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Résumé : Fully revised and expanded, the third edition of Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics maintains a balance of accessibility and scholarly rigor to provide students with a complete introduction to the physics of speech. * Newly updated to reflect the latest advances in the field * Features a balanced and student-friendly approach to speech, with engaging side-bars on related topics * Includes suggested readings and exercises designed to review and expand upon the material in each chapter, complete with selected answers * Presents a new chapter on speech perception that addresses theoretical issues as well as practical concerns. Note de contenu : Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments viii Introduction 1 Part I Fundamentals 5 1 Basic Acoustics and Acoustic Filters 7 1.1 The Sensation of Sound 7 1.2 The Propagation of Sound 8 1.3 Types of Sounds 11 1.3.1 Simple periodic waves 11 1.3.2 Complex periodic waves 12 1.3.3 Aperiodic waves 17 1.4 Acoustic Filters 19 Recommended Reading 22 Exercises 23 2 The Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: Deriving Schwa 25 2.1 Voicing 25 2.2 Voicing Quanta 28 2.3 Vocal Tract Filtering 30 2.4 Pendulums, Standing Waves, and Vowel Formants 32 2.5 Discovering Nodes and Antinodes in an Acoustic Tube 45 Recommended Reading 47 Exercises 48 3 Digital Signal Processing 49 3.1 Continuous versus Discrete Signals 49 3.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 50 3.2.1 Sampling 51 3.2.2 Quantization 55 3.3 Signal Analysis Methods 59 3.3.1 RMS amplitude 59 3.3.2 Fast Fourier transform (FFT) 60 3.3.3 Auto-correlation pitch tracking 64 3.3.4 Digital filters 68 3.3.5 Linear predictive coding (LPC) 71 3.3.6 Spectra and spectrograms 77 Recommended Reading 79 Exercises 80 4 Basic Audition 82 4.1 Anatomy of the Peripheral Auditory System 82 4.2 The Auditory Sensation of Loudness 83 4.3 Frequency Response of the Auditory System 88 4.4 Saturation and Masking 90 4.5 Auditory Representations 93 Rcommended Reading 97 Exercises 98 5 Speech Perception 100 5.1 Auditory Ability Shapes Speech Perception 101 5.2 Phonetic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception 104 5.2.1 Categorical perception 104 5.2.2 Phonetic coherence 109 5.3 Linguistic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception 112 5.4 Perceptual Similarity 115 5.4.1 Maps from distances 116 5.4.2 The perceptual map of fricatives 119 Recommended Reading 124 Exercises 126 Part II Speech Analysis 129 6 Vowels 131 6.1 Tube Models of Vowel Production 131 6.2 Perturbation Theory 137 6.3 "Preferred" Vowels Quantal Theory and Adaptive Dispersion 141 6.4 Vowel Formants and the Acoustic Vowel Space 142 6.5 Auditory and Acoustic Representations of Vowels 144 6.6 Cross-linguistic Vowel Perception 146 Recommended Reading 149 Exercises 150 7 Fricatives 152 7.1 Turbulence 152 7.2 Place of Articulation in Fricatives 157 7.3 Quantal Theory and Fricatives 159 7.4 Fricative Auditory Spectra 162 7.5 Dimensions of Fricative Perception 165 Recommended Reading 166 Exercises 167 8 Stops and Affricates 169 8.1 Source Functions For Stops and Affricates 170 8.1.1 Phonation types 170 8.1.2 Sound sources in stops and affricates 172 8.2 Vocal Tract Filter Functions in Stops 176 8.3 Affricates 179 8.4 Auditory Properties of Stops 180 8.5 Stop Perception in Different Vowel Contexts 182 Recommended Reading 183 Exercises 184 9 Nasals and Laterals 185 9.1 Bandwidth 185 9.2 Nasal Stops 187 9.3 Laterals 196 9.4 Nasalization 198 9.5 Nasal Consonant Perception 202 Recommended Reading 204 Exercises 205 References 206 Answers to Selected Short-answer Questions 212 Index 218.Réservation
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Titre : American World Literature : An Introduction Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Paul Giles Editeur : USA : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2018 Importance : 1 vol. (322 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 21 cm. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-119-43164-0 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LITTERATURE ET LANGUE ANGLAISE:828 English literature Mots-clés : World Literature American Résumé : American World Literature: An Introduction explores how the subject of American Literature has evolved from a national into a global phenomenon. As the author, Paul Giles – a noted expert on the topic – explains, today American Literature is understood as engaging with the wider world rather than merely with local or national circumstances. The book offers an examination of these changing conceptions of representation in both a critical and an historical context.
The author examines how the perception of American culture has changed significantly over time and how this has been an object of widespread social and political debate. From examples of early American literature to postmodernism, the book charts ways in which the academic subject areas of American Literature and World Literature have converged – and diverged – over the past generations.
Written for students of American literature at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels and in all areas of historical specialization, American World Literature offers an authoritative guide to global phenomena of American World literature and how this subject has undergone crucial changes in perception over the past thirty years.American World Literature : An Introduction [texte imprimé] / Paul Giles . - USA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2018 . - 1 vol. (322 p.) : ill. ; 21 cm.
ISBN : 978-1-119-43164-0
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : LITTERATURE ET LANGUE ANGLAISE:828 English literature Mots-clés : World Literature American Résumé : American World Literature: An Introduction explores how the subject of American Literature has evolved from a national into a global phenomenon. As the author, Paul Giles – a noted expert on the topic – explains, today American Literature is understood as engaging with the wider world rather than merely with local or national circumstances. The book offers an examination of these changing conceptions of representation in both a critical and an historical context.
The author examines how the perception of American culture has changed significantly over time and how this has been an object of widespread social and political debate. From examples of early American literature to postmodernism, the book charts ways in which the academic subject areas of American Literature and World Literature have converged – and diverged – over the past generations.
Written for students of American literature at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels and in all areas of historical specialization, American World Literature offers an authoritative guide to global phenomena of American World literature and how this subject has undergone crucial changes in perception over the past thirty years.
Titre : An introduction to sociolinguistics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ronald Wardhaugh, Auteur ; Janet M. Fuller, Auteur Mention d'édition : 7e éd. Editeur : USA : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2021 Collection : Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics num. 23 Importance : 1 vol. (XVI-456 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 25 cm. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-118-73229-8 Note générale : Includes bibliographical references and index Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LITTERATURE ET LANGUE ANGLAISE:428 phonetique et linguistique Mots-clés : sociolinguistics Ethnolinguistique Variation linguistique Linguistique appliquée Résumé : "Thoroughly updated and revised, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 8th Edition builds on this comprehensive introduction to the study of the relationship between language and society by refining the connections across underlying topics throughout the text. Expanding Ronald Wardhaugh's classic text, Janet Fuller has updated this eighth edition throughout and reorganized existing chapters whilst retaining its successful four section structure. Much needed expansion of the section on multilingualism has occurred to include a new chapter on issues of language and nation, colonialism, transnationalism, 'superdiversity', immigration, and globalization, in order to better focus on communication in the digital world and how this plays a role in the language use and identity-making in the age of globalization. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 8th Edition continues to be the most indispensable and accessible introduction to the field of sociolinguistics for students in applied and theoretical linguistics, education, and anthropology" An introduction to sociolinguistics [texte imprimé] / Ronald Wardhaugh, Auteur ; Janet M. Fuller, Auteur . - 7e éd. . - USA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2021 . - 1 vol. (XVI-456 p.) : ill. ; 25 cm.. - (Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics; 23) .
ISBN : 978-1-118-73229-8
Includes bibliographical references and index
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : LITTERATURE ET LANGUE ANGLAISE:428 phonetique et linguistique Mots-clés : sociolinguistics Ethnolinguistique Variation linguistique Linguistique appliquée Résumé : "Thoroughly updated and revised, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 8th Edition builds on this comprehensive introduction to the study of the relationship between language and society by refining the connections across underlying topics throughout the text. Expanding Ronald Wardhaugh's classic text, Janet Fuller has updated this eighth edition throughout and reorganized existing chapters whilst retaining its successful four section structure. Much needed expansion of the section on multilingualism has occurred to include a new chapter on issues of language and nation, colonialism, transnationalism, 'superdiversity', immigration, and globalization, in order to better focus on communication in the digital world and how this plays a role in the language use and identity-making in the age of globalization. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 8th Edition continues to be the most indispensable and accessible introduction to the field of sociolinguistics for students in applied and theoretical linguistics, education, and anthropology"
Titre : Applying Phonetics : Speech Science in Everyday Life Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Murray J. Munro, Auteur Editeur : USA : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2020 Collection : Linguistics in the World Importance : 1 vol. (223 p.) Présentation : ill., couv. ill. Format : 24 cm. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-119-16454-8 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LITTERATURE ET LANGUE ANGLAISE:428 phonetique et linguistique Mots-clés : Phonetics Résumé : The dynamic field of phonetics, the science of the structure and function of human speech, has seen exciting technological innovations and new applications in recent years. Applying Phonetics introduces students to the field through a unique exploratory approach that highlights practical applications and focuses on the diverse ways in which the speech sciences influence daily life. Requiring no prior knowledge of linguistics, this accessible, student-friendly textbook introduces the key concepts in phonetics and explains their relevance to contemporary applications. Even students who have completed introductory linguistics courses will discover plenty of new material in this volume.
Rather than immediately delving into complex theoretical information, the text presents a brief overview of basic concepts and then uses applications--speech synthesis, forensic speech science, language teaching--to explain the details. This unique approach increases student interest and comprehension, clearly demonstrating how speech science is beneficial to society. Engaging, easily-relatable topics include speech anatomy and physiology, the nature of normal and disordered speech development, the origins of speech, and speech applications in forensics, music, drama, film, and business. Written by a respected expert with over 25 years' experience teaching linguistics and phonetics, this textbook
Explores the wide-ranging applications of phonetics areas such as accessibility, computer speech, education, the fine arts, and business
Demonstrates how practical problems have been addressed through phonetics, such as the use of speech analysis for forensic purposes
Presents real-life case studies that illustrate fundamental phonetics concepts
Includes exercises and activities, discussion questions, an extensive glossary, further readings, and a companion website
Applying Phonetics: Speech Science in Everyday Life is an ideal text for undergraduate students with no prior knowledge of linguistics, as well as those needing to expand their knowledge of phonetic principles. It will appeal to students in education, computer science, cognitive science, biology, psychology, business, and music.Applying Phonetics : Speech Science in Everyday Life [texte imprimé] / Murray J. Munro, Auteur . - USA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2020 . - 1 vol. (223 p.) : ill., couv. ill. ; 24 cm.. - (Linguistics in the World) .
ISBN : 978-1-119-16454-8
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : LITTERATURE ET LANGUE ANGLAISE:428 phonetique et linguistique Mots-clés : Phonetics Résumé : The dynamic field of phonetics, the science of the structure and function of human speech, has seen exciting technological innovations and new applications in recent years. Applying Phonetics introduces students to the field through a unique exploratory approach that highlights practical applications and focuses on the diverse ways in which the speech sciences influence daily life. Requiring no prior knowledge of linguistics, this accessible, student-friendly textbook introduces the key concepts in phonetics and explains their relevance to contemporary applications. Even students who have completed introductory linguistics courses will discover plenty of new material in this volume.
Rather than immediately delving into complex theoretical information, the text presents a brief overview of basic concepts and then uses applications--speech synthesis, forensic speech science, language teaching--to explain the details. This unique approach increases student interest and comprehension, clearly demonstrating how speech science is beneficial to society. Engaging, easily-relatable topics include speech anatomy and physiology, the nature of normal and disordered speech development, the origins of speech, and speech applications in forensics, music, drama, film, and business. Written by a respected expert with over 25 years' experience teaching linguistics and phonetics, this textbook
Explores the wide-ranging applications of phonetics areas such as accessibility, computer speech, education, the fine arts, and business
Demonstrates how practical problems have been addressed through phonetics, such as the use of speech analysis for forensic purposes
Presents real-life case studies that illustrate fundamental phonetics concepts
Includes exercises and activities, discussion questions, an extensive glossary, further readings, and a companion website
Applying Phonetics: Speech Science in Everyday Life is an ideal text for undergraduate students with no prior knowledge of linguistics, as well as those needing to expand their knowledge of phonetic principles. It will appeal to students in education, computer science, cognitive science, biology, psychology, business, and music.
Titre : Articulatory Phonetics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bryan Gick, Auteur ; Ian Wilson, Auteur ; Donald Derrick, Auteur Editeur : USA : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2013 Importance : 250 p. Format : 24.6 x 17.9 x 1.4 cm. (0.34 kg) ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4051-9320-7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in human speech. * Traces the path of the speech production system through to the point where simple vocal sounds are produced, covering the nervous system, and muscles, respiration, and phonation * Introduces more complex anatomical concepts of articulatory phonetics and particular sounds of human speech, including brain anatomy and coarticulation * Explores the most current methodologies, measurement tools, and theories in the field * Features chapter-by-chapter exercises and a series of original illustrations which take the mystery out of the anatomy, physiology, and measurement techniques relevant to speech research * Includes a companion website at www.wiley.com/go/articulatoryphonetics with additional exercises for each chapter and new, easy-to-understand images of the vocal tract and of measurement tools/data for articulatory phonetics teaching and research * Password protected instructor s material includes an answer key for the additional exercises. Note de contenu : Table of Contents:
List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xix Introduction xxi Part I Getting to Sounds 1 1 The Speech System and Basic Anatomy 3 1.1 The Speech Chain 3 1.1.1 The speech production chain 6 1.2 The Building Blocks of Articulatory Phonetics 7 1.2.1 Materials in the body 9 1.3 The Tools of Articulatory Phonetics 10 Exercises 12 References 13 2 Where It All Starts: The Central Nervous System 15 2.1 The Basic Units of the Nervous System 15 2.1.1 The action potential: how the nervous system communicates 18 2.2 The Central Nervous System 19 2.2.1 Speech areas in the brain 22 2.3 Measuring the Brain: fMRI, PET, EEG, MEG, TMS 27 Exercises 30 References 31 3 From Thought to Movement: The Peripheral Nervous System 33 3.1 The Peripheral Nervous System 33 3.1.1 Cranial nerves 34 3.1.2 Spinal nerves 36 3.2 How Muscles Move 38 3.3 Measuring Muscles: EMG 41 3.3.1 The speed of thought to movement 43 Exercises 45 References 46 4 From Movement to Flow: Respiration 47 4.1 Breathing Basics 47 4.1.1 Two principles for respiration 47 4.1.2 Lung volumes 48 4.1.3 Measuring lung volume 50 4.2 The Anatomy of Breathing 51 4.2.1 The lungs 51 4.2.2 The hard parts: bones and cartilages of respiration 53 4.2.3 Passive forces of breathing 57 4.2.4 Inspiratory muscles 57 4.2.5 Expiratory muscles 61 4.2.6 The respiratory cycle revisited 64 4.3 Measuring Airfl ow and Pressure: Pneumotachograph 66 4.4 Sounds 67 4.4.1 /h/ 67 4.4.2 Pitch and loudness 68 Exercises 68 References 69 5 From Flow to Sound 71 5.1 Intrinsic Laryngeal Anatomy 71 5.1.1 The hard parts 72 5.1.2 Intrinsic laryngeal muscles 74 5.2 Sounds: The Voice 78 5.2.1 Modal phonation 78 5.2.2 Theories of modal phonation 80 5.2.3 Pitch control 86 5.2.4 Voicelessness 89 5.3 Measuring the Vocal Folds: EGG 90 Exercises 91 References 94 Part II Articulating Sounds 97 6 Articulating Laryngeal Sounds 99 6.1 Extrinsic Laryngeal Anatomy 100 6.1.1 The hard parts 100 6.1.2 Extrinsic laryngeal muscles 101 6.2 Sounds 106 6.2.1 Non-modal phonation types 106 6.2.2 The glottalic airstream mechanism 114 6.3 Measuring Laryngeal Articulations: Endoscopy 118 Exercises 120 References 122 7 Articulating Velic Sounds 125 7.1 Anatomy of the Velum 125 7.1.1 The hard parts 126 7.1.2 Muscles of the velum 129 7.2 Sounds 134 7.2.1 The oral-nasal distinction: more on the VPP 134 7.2.2 Uvular constrictions: the oropharyngeal isthmus 136 7.3 Measuring the Velum: X-ray Video 138 Exercises 140 References 141 8 Articulating Vowels 143 8.1 The Jaw and Extrinsic Tongue Muscles 146 8.1.1 The hard parts 146 8.1.2 Jaw muscles 148 8.1.3 Extrinsic tongue muscles 152 8.2 Sounds: Vowels 154 8.2.1 High front vowels 156 8.2.2 High back vowels 156 8.2.3 Low vowels 157 8.2.4 ATR and RTR 159 8.3 Measuring Vowels: Ultrasound 160 Exercises 163 References 164 9 Articulating Lingual Consonants 167 9.1 The Intrinsic Tongue Muscles 167 9.1.1 The transversus and verticalis muscles 168 9.1.2 The longitudinal muscles 170 9.2 Sounds: Lingual Consonants 171 9.2.1 Degrees of constriction and tongue bracing 171 9.2.2 Locations of constriction 176 9.3 Measuring Lingual Consonants: Palatography and Linguography 180 Exercises 182 References 186 10 Articulating Labial Sounds 189 10.1 Muscles of the Lips and Face 192 10.1.1 The amazing OO 192 10.1.2 Other lip and face muscles 194 10.2 Sounds: Making Sense of [labial] 196 10.3 Measuring the Lips and Face: Point Tracking and Video 198 Exercises 202 References 203 11 Putting Articulations Together 205 11.1 Coordinating Movements 205 11.1.1 Context-sensitive models 207 11.1.2 Context-invariant models 207 11.1.3 Unifying theories 209 11.2 Coordinating Complex Sounds 210 11.2.1 Lingual-lingual sounds 211 11.2.2 Other complex sounds 216 11.3 Coarticulation 217 11.3.1 Articulatory overlap 218 11.3.2 Articulatory confl ict 219 11.3.3 Modeling coarticulation 220 11.4 Measuring the Whole Vocal Tract: Tomography 221 Exercises 225 References 225 Abbreviations Used in this Book 229 Muscles with Innervation, Origin, and Insertion 233 Index 243.Articulatory Phonetics [texte imprimé] / Bryan Gick, Auteur ; Ian Wilson, Auteur ; Donald Derrick, Auteur . - USA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013 . - 250 p. ; 24.6 x 17.9 x 1.4 cm. (0.34 kg).
ISBN : 978-1-4051-9320-7
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Résumé : Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in human speech. * Traces the path of the speech production system through to the point where simple vocal sounds are produced, covering the nervous system, and muscles, respiration, and phonation * Introduces more complex anatomical concepts of articulatory phonetics and particular sounds of human speech, including brain anatomy and coarticulation * Explores the most current methodologies, measurement tools, and theories in the field * Features chapter-by-chapter exercises and a series of original illustrations which take the mystery out of the anatomy, physiology, and measurement techniques relevant to speech research * Includes a companion website at www.wiley.com/go/articulatoryphonetics with additional exercises for each chapter and new, easy-to-understand images of the vocal tract and of measurement tools/data for articulatory phonetics teaching and research * Password protected instructor s material includes an answer key for the additional exercises. Note de contenu : Table of Contents:
List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xix Introduction xxi Part I Getting to Sounds 1 1 The Speech System and Basic Anatomy 3 1.1 The Speech Chain 3 1.1.1 The speech production chain 6 1.2 The Building Blocks of Articulatory Phonetics 7 1.2.1 Materials in the body 9 1.3 The Tools of Articulatory Phonetics 10 Exercises 12 References 13 2 Where It All Starts: The Central Nervous System 15 2.1 The Basic Units of the Nervous System 15 2.1.1 The action potential: how the nervous system communicates 18 2.2 The Central Nervous System 19 2.2.1 Speech areas in the brain 22 2.3 Measuring the Brain: fMRI, PET, EEG, MEG, TMS 27 Exercises 30 References 31 3 From Thought to Movement: The Peripheral Nervous System 33 3.1 The Peripheral Nervous System 33 3.1.1 Cranial nerves 34 3.1.2 Spinal nerves 36 3.2 How Muscles Move 38 3.3 Measuring Muscles: EMG 41 3.3.1 The speed of thought to movement 43 Exercises 45 References 46 4 From Movement to Flow: Respiration 47 4.1 Breathing Basics 47 4.1.1 Two principles for respiration 47 4.1.2 Lung volumes 48 4.1.3 Measuring lung volume 50 4.2 The Anatomy of Breathing 51 4.2.1 The lungs 51 4.2.2 The hard parts: bones and cartilages of respiration 53 4.2.3 Passive forces of breathing 57 4.2.4 Inspiratory muscles 57 4.2.5 Expiratory muscles 61 4.2.6 The respiratory cycle revisited 64 4.3 Measuring Airfl ow and Pressure: Pneumotachograph 66 4.4 Sounds 67 4.4.1 /h/ 67 4.4.2 Pitch and loudness 68 Exercises 68 References 69 5 From Flow to Sound 71 5.1 Intrinsic Laryngeal Anatomy 71 5.1.1 The hard parts 72 5.1.2 Intrinsic laryngeal muscles 74 5.2 Sounds: The Voice 78 5.2.1 Modal phonation 78 5.2.2 Theories of modal phonation 80 5.2.3 Pitch control 86 5.2.4 Voicelessness 89 5.3 Measuring the Vocal Folds: EGG 90 Exercises 91 References 94 Part II Articulating Sounds 97 6 Articulating Laryngeal Sounds 99 6.1 Extrinsic Laryngeal Anatomy 100 6.1.1 The hard parts 100 6.1.2 Extrinsic laryngeal muscles 101 6.2 Sounds 106 6.2.1 Non-modal phonation types 106 6.2.2 The glottalic airstream mechanism 114 6.3 Measuring Laryngeal Articulations: Endoscopy 118 Exercises 120 References 122 7 Articulating Velic Sounds 125 7.1 Anatomy of the Velum 125 7.1.1 The hard parts 126 7.1.2 Muscles of the velum 129 7.2 Sounds 134 7.2.1 The oral-nasal distinction: more on the VPP 134 7.2.2 Uvular constrictions: the oropharyngeal isthmus 136 7.3 Measuring the Velum: X-ray Video 138 Exercises 140 References 141 8 Articulating Vowels 143 8.1 The Jaw and Extrinsic Tongue Muscles 146 8.1.1 The hard parts 146 8.1.2 Jaw muscles 148 8.1.3 Extrinsic tongue muscles 152 8.2 Sounds: Vowels 154 8.2.1 High front vowels 156 8.2.2 High back vowels 156 8.2.3 Low vowels 157 8.2.4 ATR and RTR 159 8.3 Measuring Vowels: Ultrasound 160 Exercises 163 References 164 9 Articulating Lingual Consonants 167 9.1 The Intrinsic Tongue Muscles 167 9.1.1 The transversus and verticalis muscles 168 9.1.2 The longitudinal muscles 170 9.2 Sounds: Lingual Consonants 171 9.2.1 Degrees of constriction and tongue bracing 171 9.2.2 Locations of constriction 176 9.3 Measuring Lingual Consonants: Palatography and Linguography 180 Exercises 182 References 186 10 Articulating Labial Sounds 189 10.1 Muscles of the Lips and Face 192 10.1.1 The amazing OO 192 10.1.2 Other lip and face muscles 194 10.2 Sounds: Making Sense of [labial] 196 10.3 Measuring the Lips and Face: Point Tracking and Video 198 Exercises 202 References 203 11 Putting Articulations Together 205 11.1 Coordinating Movements 205 11.1.1 Context-sensitive models 207 11.1.2 Context-invariant models 207 11.1.3 Unifying theories 209 11.2 Coordinating Complex Sounds 210 11.2.1 Lingual-lingual sounds 211 11.2.2 Other complex sounds 216 11.3 Coarticulation 217 11.3.1 Articulatory overlap 218 11.3.2 Articulatory confl ict 219 11.3.3 Modeling coarticulation 220 11.4 Measuring the Whole Vocal Tract: Tomography 221 Exercises 225 References 225 Abbreviations Used in this Book 229 Muscles with Innervation, Origin, and Insertion 233 Index 243.Réservation
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